System and method for wlan ofdma design of subcarrier groups and frame format

ABSTRACT

Embodiments are provided for WLAN Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) design of subcarrier groups and corresponding frame format. An embodiment method includes grouping a plurality of subcarriers for OFDMA transmissions into a plurality of subcarrier groups in accordance with a pre-defined grouping structure for subcarriers. The method further includes allocating the subcarrier groups to a plurality of corresponding users, and signaling, to the users, a map of the subcarrier groups to the corresponding users. According to the pre-defined grouping structure, each one of the subcarrier groups includes a plurality of consecutive subcarriers, a plurality of non-consecutive subcarriers, or a combination of consecutive and non-consecutive subcarriers according to a deterministic structure. The map is signaled using an OFDMA PPDU comprising a legacy preamble portion configured to silence legacy users that do not use OFDMA communications, an OFDMA preamble portion indicating the map, and a data portion.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/325,136, filed on Jul. 7, 2014, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/917,791, filed on Dec. 18, 2013, which applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to network communications, and, in particular embodiments, to a system and method for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) design of subcarrier groups and frame format.

BACKGROUND

Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) commonly operate in unlicensed spectrum bands. Rules for operation in these bands force competing devices to share the available resources and defer their intended transmissions when the medium is sensed busy. Typically, a WLAN uses an Orthogonal Frequency Division-Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission format in which all transmission resources are assigned to a single device. Random assignment is commonly achieved using carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). With CSMA/CA a device wins access to the medium, transmits its data up to a pre-defined period of time, and then gives up the medium for other devices to compete for transmission. In contrast, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) is a transmission and access mechanism that accommodates multiple-user transmissions simultaneously. OFDMA is commonly implemented in wireless infrastructures operating in the licensed bands in order to meet timing information in terms of frame structure and the scheduling of resources among a subset of users. There is a need for efficient schemes for implementing OFDMA in WLANs.

SUMMARY

In accordance with an embodiment, a method by a network component for provisioning subcarriers to users for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) communications in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) includes grouping a plurality of subcarriers for OFDMA transmissions into a plurality of subcarrier groups. The grouping and the subcarrier groups are in accordance with a pre-defined grouping structure for subcarriers. The method further includes allocating the subcarrier groups to a plurality of corresponding users, and signaling, to the users, a map of the subcarrier groups to the corresponding users.

In accordance with another embodiment, a method by a network component for allocating subcarriers to users for OFDMA communications in a WLAN includes establishing a plurality of subcarrier groups for a plurality of stations (STAs) according to a defined and deterministic grouping structure for the subcarrier groups, and allocating the subcarrier groups to the STAs. The method further includes establishing a plurality of user groups. Each one of the user groups represents a sequence of the STAs. The allocated subcarrier groups are associated with a user group of the user groups. A sequence of the allocated subcarrier groups with the user group are then sent to the STAs. The sequence of the STAs of the user group is mapped one to one to the sequence of the allocated subcarrier groups.

In accordance with another embodiment, a network component for provisioning subcarriers to users for OFDMA communications in a WLAN comprises a processor and a computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the processor. The programming includes instructions to group a plurality of subcarriers for OFDMA transmissions into a plurality of subcarrier groups. The grouping and each one of the subcarrier groups are in accordance with a pre-defined grouping structure for subcarriers. The programming further includes instructions to allocate the subcarrier groups to a plurality of corresponding users, and signal, to the users, a map of the subcarrier groups to the corresponding users.

In accordance with another embodiment, a method by a user device supporting OFDMA communications in a WLAN includes receiving an indication of a plurality of subcarrier groups grouping a plurality of corresponding subcarriers for OFDMA transmissions. Each one of the subcarrier groups comprises one or more of the subcarriers. The method further includes receiving an allocation of one of the subcarrier groups to the user device, and exchanging OFDMA transmissions on one or more subcarriers belonging to one of the subcarrier groups allocated to the user device.

In accordance with yet another embodiment, a user device supporting OFDMA communications in a WLAN comprises a processor and a computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the processor. The programming includes instructions to receive an indication of a plurality of subcarrier groups grouping a plurality of corresponding subcarriers for OFDMA transmissions. Each one of the subcarrier groups comprises one or more of the subcarriers. The programming includes further instructions to receive an allocation of one of the subcarrier groups to the user device, and exchange OFDMA transmissions on one or more subcarriers belonging to one of the subcarrier groups allocated to the user device.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features of an embodiment of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the invention will be described hereinafter, which form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and specific embodiments disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures or processes for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a WLAN basic service set (BSS);

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of typical assignment of subcarriers to users in OFDMA;

FIG. 3 illustrates embodiments of subcarrier groupings;

FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of an OFDMA physical layer (PHY) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) for assigning subcarrier groups to users;

FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of an OFDMA mapping field for subcarrier assignment;

FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of an OFDMA mapping information element (IE) for subcarrier assignment;

FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a method for assigning subcarrier groups to users in OFDMA WLAN; and

FIG. 8 is a diagram of a processing system that can be used to implement various embodiments.

Corresponding numerals and symbols in the different figures generally refer to corresponding parts unless otherwise indicated. The figures are drawn to clearly illustrate the relevant aspects of the embodiments and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

The making and using of the presently preferred embodiments are discussed in detail below. It should be appreciated, however, that the present invention provides many applicable inventive concepts that can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed are merely illustrative of specific ways to make and use the invention, and do not limit the scope of the invention.

Disclosed herein are system and method embodiments for WLAN OFDMA design of subcarrier groups and corresponding frame format. The OFDMA design includes the arrangement of the OFDMA subcarriers into groups and the allocation of groups to different users using a frame format designed for this purpose. A low-overhead method is also included for allocating the subcarriers to different users by grouping the subcarriers into subcarrier groups.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a WLAN basic service set (BSS) including an access point (AP) and one or more stations (STAs). The AP is a communication device allowing the STAs to access and communicate with the WLAN. The STAs are any user communication devices allowing users or subscriber to communicate with the AP and hence the WLAN. Examples of STAs include smartphones, tablet computers, laptop computers, desktop computers, sensor devices (e.g., smartwatch), and other mobile or communication devices with WLAN (e.g., WiFi) capability.

In general, an OFDMA system consists of an integer number of subcarriers, N_(sc), defined in a channel of certain bandwidth, W Megahertz (MHz). Each subcarrier represents a sub-range bandwidth or a frequency channel that can be used for uplink and/or downlink transmissions. For example in WLAN, the bandwidth W is usually set to 20 MHz. The subcarrier separation Δf is given by Δf=W/N_(sc). The OFDMA symbol duration T_(s) is given by 1/Δf. The quantity N_(sc) is set at 64 in WLAN OFDM implementation. With the introduction of OFDMA to WLAN, N_(sc) may be set to a higher value, such as 256 or 512 to achieve finer granularity. During each OFDMA transmission (uplink or downlink), a number of subcarriers are allocated to each of the users participating in the transmission.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a typical assignment of subcarriers to users for general OFDMA transmission. Multiple users are multiplexed in the frequency domain by assigning a number of subcarriers to each user. The assignment of subcarriers to each user may be random or in a non-orderly fashion as shown. The assignment is performed without a defined grouping logic of subcarriers assigned to a user, in other words without defined structure for grouping the subcarriers for a user. An assignment of the form shown in FIG. 2 is usually referred to as the map. The map needs to be propagated to all considered STAs of users indicating which subcarriers are assigned to which users. The size of the map can be large depending on the system parameters since all individual subcarriers, which are allocated to users, have to be explicitly represented in the map for the allocated symbol durations.

A more efficient scheme for assigning subcarriers in OFDMA is one that reduces the overhead related to the transmission of the map. In an embodiment, this can be achieved by providing a structured allocation of the subcarriers to users in an efficient form. This is achieved by grouping subcarriers into groups with defined structures. FIG. 3 shows two embodiments for grouping the subcarriers according to respective structures 310 and 320. In structure 310, each group that is assigned to a respective user includes a plurality of consecutive subcarriers. The groups may include equal numbers of subcarriers (e.g., 3 subcarriers at each group as shown) or different quantity of subcarriers as determined by the network. In structure 320, each group assigned to a respective user includes a plurality of subcarriers dispersed in the spectrum of available subcarriers. The selection of the subcarriers can be based on some distribution function or some deterministic criteria. The subcarriers may be dispersed by a fixed offset of subcarriers (distances between the subcarriers of a group are fixed). The groups may also include equal or different numbers of subcarriers as determined by the network. The groupings of subcarriers according to the structures 310 and 320 are not random but predefined according to any suitable deterministic criteria. The term deterministic is used herein to refer to a non-random grouping approach of the subcarriers into subcarrier groups for users. Further, the AP in the WLAN is responsible for assigning subcarriers to the different subcarrier groups. In an embodiment, this assignment is communicated to associated STAs in a capability element.

With the structured subcarrier grouping, the assignment of subcarriers to users can be done in predefined groups. As such, the group indices are communicated to users (STAs) rather than the explicit assignment of each subcarrier. FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of this assignment. Specifically an OFDMA physical layer (PHY) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) 400 is used for allocating subcarrier groups to users. The OFDMA PPDU 400 is sent from a WLAN AP to the considered STAs. For instance STA 1 is assigned subcarrier group 1, STA 2 is assigned subcarrier group 2 and so on. The subcarrier groups can have structures similar to structures 310 or 320 above, or other suitable predefined structures. The OFDMA PPDU 400 comprises two types of preambles that precede a data portion 410 of the OFDMA PPDU 400. The data portion 410 carries data for the STAs, and can be padded if the amount of data is less than a maximum size of the data portion. The maximum frame length is determined by the AP or by an OFDMA Coordination Function (OCF) for managing OFDMA resources in the WLAN.

The first preamble 401 is a legacy preamble that can be used to spoof legacy WLAN users that cannot participate in the OFDMA transmission. The term legacy herein is used to indicate communications, or communications pertaining to users, that do not support OFDMA transmission. Such users need to keep silence for the duration of the OFDMA transmission. This silence duration is indicated in a Legacy Signal Field (L-SIG) of the legacy preamble. The legacy preamble is transmitted in a WLAN format that is commonly referred to as non-High Throughput (non-HT) format. The Legacy preamble also includes a Legacy Short Training Field (L-STF) and a Legacy Long Training Field (L-LTF) which can be used for the synchronization and channel estimation, respectively, of the user's data portion. When there are multiple streams, there is a need to append more LTFs after the preamble depending on the number of streams.

The format of the data portion 410 can be different than a Legacy data portion size of an OFDM frame, for instance the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) frame size for the data portion 410 may be larger than that of the Legacy OFDM frame data portion. In this case, there is no need to use all of the subcarriers (corresponding to one OFDMA symbol) for the LTFs, that is, for training sequences. When the number of training sequences in the OFDMA PPDU 400 is less than the total subcarrier size for an OFDMA symbol, interpolation may be applied to get the channel estimation for the entire OFDMA symbol. In this case, the important OFDMA physical layer (PHY) parameters, including the downlink/uplink map between the training sequences may be carried without having a specific Signal (SIG) field for OFDMA PPDUs.

The second preamble 402 of the OFDMA PPDU 400 is an OFDMA preamble. The OFDMA preamble includes parameters that are relevant to the current transmission. These parameters include the coding type, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), frame length, and possibly other parameters. A STF and LTF can be used for the synchronization and channel estimation, respectively, of the user's data portion. An OFDMA SIG in the second preamble 402 (OFDMA preamble) may be divided into two segments, SIG A and SIG B. The segment SIG A contains general information related to the OFDMA transmission, while SIG B contains information related to each particular user. The SIG also carries the mapping of the subcarrier groups to the users.

In an embodiment, to efficiently reduce overhead for carrying the mapping information between users and subcarrier groups, a plurality of user groups are formed where each user group includes a maximum number of users, N. The number of predefined subcarrier groups is also made equal to N. For each user group, each user can be allocated one of the N subcarrier groups. Further, a user may appear in a user group more than one time to allow for the allocation of multiple subcarrier groups to a single user based on traffic requirements. Each user group is identified by a group identifier (GrpID). The GrpID needs to have a sufficient length (e.g., in number of bits) to satisfy the OFDMA design parameters, such as to allow a maximum number of users that can participate in a single OFDMA transmission. For instance, the size of the GrpID in bits is defined to allow a maximum of 4 or 8 users per user group.

FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of an OFDMA mapping field for subcarrier assignment, specifically between user groups (using GrpIDs) and subcarrier groups. The OFDMA mapping field can be part of the OFDMA preamble (in the SIG field) of an OFDMA PPDU as shown in FIG. 4, and consists of a GrpID subfield and one or more subcarrier group (SCG) indices. The number of SCG indices in the OFDMA mapping field is equal to the number of users associated with the GrpID. Previous knowledge of the GrpID and the position of the user in the user group corresponding to the GrpID is sufficient to indicate which of the subcarrier groups is assigned to which user. The value of GrpID allows the user receiving the mapping field to determine the associated user group and hence the order of the users in that group. The subsequent sequence of subcarrier groups (SCG₁, SCG_(r), . . . , SCG_(s)) in the mapping field provides the mapping of the subcarrier groups with the users in the group indicated by the GrpID value, where the number of the indicated subcarrier groups is equal to the number of users in the indicated group. The mapping is hence a one to one mapping between the sequence of users in the group and the sequence of indicated subcarrier groups is used. In addition to the saving in the overhead related to the map transmission, this mapping approach allows for the selection of a different group of users, as indicated by the GrpID, per OFDMA transmission.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of another mapping approach using an OFDMA mapping information element (IE) for subcarrier assignment. In this approach, the transmission of the mapping information can be done using management frames by defining an IE as shown. The OFDMA mapping IE associates a STA ID (or a user ID) with a subcarrier group index. The STA ID can be a MAC address or an association ID (AID) assigned by the AP to the STA during association. Since an IE may have more bits than needed for the mapping, other subcarrier information such as modulation and coding information may also be included in the IE. While more information can be transported using this approach, users participating in the OFDMA TXOP may be limited to a fixed set of users during the entire TXOP.

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a method 700 for assigning subcarrier groups to users in OFDMA WLANs. At step 710, the AP or an access controller (AC) of the WLAN establishes a plurality of subcarrier groups for a plurality of corresponding STAs according to a deterministic grouping structure. For instance, a plurality of consecutive subcarriers in an available bandwidth of subcarriers (e.g., 20 MHz) is designated for each group that corresponds to a user, e.g., similar to the structure 310 above. Alternatively, for each STA, the subcarriers are distributed in the bandwidth such as no consecutive subcarriers are assigned to an STA. At step 720, the assignment is signaled to the STAs, e.g., by the AP, in a data portion of an OFDMA PHY PPDU (as shown in FIG. 4), using an OFDMA mapping field (as shown in FIG. 5), using an OFDMA mapping IE (as shown in FIG. 6), or other suitable means of mapping subcarrier groups to users. In the case of using the data portion of the OFDMA PHY PPDU, the mapping between STAs and SCGs can be explicit. In the case of using the OFDMA mapping field, the mapping is between user group IDs and a sequence of SCGs, as described above. In the case of using the OFDMA mapping IE, each user STA is explicitly mapped to a predefined subcarrier group by signaling the STA ID and the subcarrier group index. When a STA or user device receives the assignment, the STA can use this information to decide which subcarrier group is assigned to it, and hence determine the subcarriers belonging to that subcarrier group for exchanging OFDMA communications.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a processing system 800 that can be used to implement various embodiments. For instance the processing system 800 can be part of an AP, a STA, or an AC in a WLAN. Specific devices may utilize all of the components shown, or only a subset of the components, and levels of integration may vary from device to device. Furthermore, a device may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processing units, processors, memories, transmitters, receivers, etc. The processing system 800 may comprise a processing unit 801 equipped with one or more input/output devices, such as a speaker, microphone, mouse, touchscreen, keypad, keyboard, printer, display, and the like. The processing unit 801 may include a central processing unit (CPU) 810, a memory 820, a mass storage device 830, a video adapter 840, and an I/O interface 86 o connected to a bus. The bus may be one or more of any type of several bus architectures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, a video bus, or the like.

The CPU 810 may comprise any type of electronic data processor. The memory 820 may comprise any type of system memory such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), read-only memory (ROM), a combination thereof, or the like. In an embodiment, the memory 820 may include ROM for use at boot-up, and DRAM for program and data storage for use while executing programs. In embodiments, the memory 820 is non-transitory. The mass storage device 830 may comprise any type of storage device configured to store data, programs, and other information and to make the data, programs, and other information accessible via the bus. The mass storage device 830 may comprise, for example, one or more of a solid state drive, hard disk drive, a magnetic disk drive, an optical disk drive, or the like.

The video adapter 840 and the I/O interface 860 provide interfaces to couple external input and output devices to the processing unit. As illustrated, examples of input and output devices include a display 890 coupled to the video adapter 840 and any combination of mouse/keyboard/printer 870 coupled to the I/O interface 860. Other devices may be coupled to the processing unit 801, and additional or fewer interface cards may be utilized. For example, a serial interface card (not shown) may be used to provide a serial interface for a printer.

The processing unit 801 also includes one or more network interfaces 850, which may comprise wired links, such as an Ethernet cable or the like, and/or wireless links to access nodes or one or more networks 880. The network interface 850 allows the processing unit 801 to communicate with remote units via the networks 880. For example, the network interface 850 may provide wireless communication via one or more transmitters/transmit antennas and one or more receivers/receive antennas. In an embodiment, the processing unit 801 is coupled to a local-area network or a wide-area network for data processing and communications with remote devices, such as other processing units, the Internet, remote storage facilities, or the like.

While several embodiments have been provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods might be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. The present examples are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the intention is not to be limited to the details given herein. For example, the various elements or components may be combined or integrated in another system or certain features may be omitted, or not implemented.

In addition, techniques, systems, subsystems, and methods described and illustrated in the various embodiments as discrete or separate may be combined or integrated with other systems, modules, techniques, or methods without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Other items shown or discussed as coupled or directly coupled or communicating with each other may be indirectly coupled or communicating through some interface, device, or intermediate component whether electrically, mechanically, or otherwise. Other examples of changes, substitutions, and alterations are ascertainable by one skilled in the art and could be made without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for provisioning subcarriers for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communications to a plurality of stations (STAs) in a wireless local area network (WLAN), the method comprising: signaling, by the network component to the plurality of STAs, a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) comprising: a first preamble portion, which is a legacy preamble comprising a Legacy Short Training Field (L-STF), a Legacy Long Training Field (L-LTF), and a Legacy Signal Field (L-SIG) in a non-High Throughput (non-HT) format; a second preamble portion comprising a short training field (STF) providing synchronizing information, a long training field (LTF) providing channel estimation information, and a signal (SIG) field including information for mapping subcarrier groups to the corresponding STAs, according to a predefined and deterministic grouping structure.
 2. The method of claim 1, each of the subcarrier groups including a plurality of consecutive subcarriers in accordance with the pre-defined and deterministic grouping structure.
 3. The method of claim 1, each of the subcarrier groups including a same number of subcarriers in accordance with the pre-defined and deterministic grouping structure.
 4. The method of claim 1, at least some of the subcarrier groups including a different number of subcarriers from each other in accordance with the pre-defined and deterministic grouping structure.
 5. The method of claim 1, the subcarriers in each of the subcarrier groups offset by a same number of other subcarriers in accordance with the pre-defined and deterministic grouping structure.
 6. The method of claim 1, the PPDU further comprising a data portion.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the mapping is a one to one mapping between a sequence of STAs and a sequence of indicated subcarrier groups.
 8. The method of claim 1, the first preamble portion having a different Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) frame size than the second preamble portion for OFDMA communications.
 9. An apparatus for provisioning subcarriers for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communications to a plurality of stations (STAs) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) on the network component side, the apparatus comprising: a non-transitory memory storage comprising instructions; and one or more processors in communication with the memory storage, wherein the one or more processors execute the instructions to: signal, to the plurality of STAs, a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) comprising; a first preamble portion, which is a legacy preamble comprising a Legacy Short Training Field (L-STF), a Legacy Long Training Field (L-LTF), and a Legacy Signal Field (L-SIG) in a non-High Throughput (non-HT) format; a second preamble portion comprising a short training field (STF) providing synchronizing information, a long training field (LTF) providing channel estimation information, and a signal (SIG) field including information for mapping subcarrier groups to the corresponding STAs according to a predefined and deterministic grouping structure.
 10. The network component of claim 9, wherein each of the subcarrier groups includes a plurality of consecutive subcarriers in accordance with the predefined and deterministic grouping structure.
 11. The network component of claim 9, wherein each of the subcarrier groups includes a same number of subcarriers in accordance with the predefined and deterministic grouping structure.
 12. The network component of claim 9, wherein at least some of the subcarrier groups include a different quantity of subcarriers from each other in accordance with the predefined and deterministic grouping structure.
 13. The network component of claim 9, wherein the subcarriers in each of the subcarrier groups are offset by a same number of other subcarriers in accordance with the predefined and deterministic grouping structure.
 14. The network component of claim 9, the PPDU further comprising a data portion.
 15. The network component of claim 9, wherein the mapping is a one to one mapping between a sequence of STAs and a sequence of indicated subcarrier groups.
 16. The network component of claim 9, wherein the first preamble portion has a different Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) frame size than the second preamble portion for OFDMA communications.
 17. A method for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communications in a wireless local area network (WLAN), the method comprising: receiving, by the STA, a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) comprising: a first preamble portion, which is a legacy preamble comprising a Legacy Short Training Field (L-STF), a Legacy Long Training Field (L-LTF), and a Legacy Signal Field (L-SIG) in a non-High Throughput (non-HT) format; and a second preamble portion comprising a short training field (STF) providing synchronizing information, a long training field (LTF) providing channel estimation information, and a signal (SIG) field including information for mapping subcarrier groups to the corresponding STAs, according to a predefined and deterministic grouping structure; and exchanging, by the STA, OFDMA transmissions on one or more subcarriers belonging to one of the subcarrier groups allocated to the STA.
 18. The method of claim 17, each of the subcarrier groups including a same number of subcarriers in accordance with the predefined and deterministic grouping structure.
 19. The method of claim 17, at least some of the subcarrier groups including a different number of subcarriers from each other in accordance with the predefined and deterministic grouping structure.
 20. The method of claim 17, the subcarriers in each of the subcarrier groups offset by a same number of other subcarriers in accordance with the predefined and deterministic grouping structure.
 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the PPDU further comprises a data portion.
 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the mapping is a one to one mapping between a sequence of STAs and a sequence of indicated subcarrier groups.
 23. The method of claim 17, the first preamble portion having a different Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) frame size than the second preamble portion for OFDMA communications.
 24. An apparatus supporting orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communications in a wireless local area network (WLAN) on a STA side, the apparatus comprising: a non-transitory memory storage comprising instructions; and one or more processors in communication with the memory storage, wherein the one or more processors execute the instructions to: receive a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) comprising: a first preamble portion, which is a legacy preamble comprising a Legacy Short Training Field (L-STF), a Legacy Long Training Field (L-LTF), and a Legacy Signal Field (L-SIG) in a non-High Throughput (non-HT) format; and a second preamble portion comprising a short training field (STF) providing synchronizing information, a long training field (LTF) providing channel estimation information, and a signal (SIG) field including information for mapping subcarrier groups to corresponding STAs, according to a predefined and deterministic grouping structure; and exchange OFDMA transmissions on one or more subcarriers belonging to one of the subcarrier groups allocated to the STA.
 25. The STA of claim 24, wherein each of the subcarrier groups includes a same number of subcarriers in accordance with the predefined and deterministic grouping structure.
 26. The STA of claim 24, wherein at least some of the subcarrier groups include a different number of subcarriers from each other in accordance with the predefined and deterministic grouping structure.
 27. The STA of claim 24, wherein the mapping is a one to one mapping between a sequence of STAs and a sequence of indicated subcarrier groups. 